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1.
São Paulo; s.n; 2014. [164] p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-870826

ABSTRACT

O treinamento físico aeróbio (TF) e a hipertensão arterial (HA) induzem hipertrofia cardíaca (HC) com características diferentes, e entre as diferenças moleculares podem estar a elucidação de abordagens terapêuticas como os microRNAs (miRNAs). Selecionamos de dados de miRNAarray, 15 miRNAs cardíacos induzidos por dois protocolos de treinamento físico de natação (TF) e comparamos com o miRNAarray em modelo de hipertensão arterial (animais espontaneamente hipertensos, SHR). Foram selecionados 4 miRNAs de interesse (miRNA-27a, 27b, 126 e 29c) que seguiram para a confirmação de sua expressão por qRT-PCR. Destes, selecionamos o miRNA-29c para que fosse realizada a modulação in vivo em SHR jovens. Foi realizada injeção cardíaca intramuscular de partículas de vetor lentiviral para a superexpressão do miRNA-29c. Foram testadas duas doses: baixa (B), 0,6x109 pv/animal e alta (A), 3x109 pv/animal; e por dois períodos de tratamento: 7 e 14 dias. Foi avaliada a expressão de GFP em fígado e coração por western blott para observar a eficiência da transdução viral in vivo. Os efeitos do tratamento na pressão arterial (PA) foram analisados por pletismografia de cauda; na HC pela razão VE/PC (peso do ventrículo esquerdo/peso corporal), peso do coração/PC e (cor/PC), e pelo diâmetro de cardiomiócitos (dCMO) por histologia. qRT-PCR foi utilizado para investigar a expressão do miRNA-29c e seus alvos, colágeno do tipo I e do tipo III (COLIAI e COLIIIAI). O conteúdo de colágeno também foi medido por análise histológica (picrossírius), pela fração volumétrica de colágeno (% col), e pela concentração de OHprolina no VE. Os grupos que receberam baixa dose das partículas lentivirais foram positivos para GFP em coração e fígado, tendo sido assumida a dose baixa como eficiente para futuras transduções. Todos os grupos tratados apresentaram aumento da expressão do miRNA-29c. A expressão gênica do COLIAI diminuiu para os grupos tratados o que não ocorreu para o COLIIIAI. A fração...


Both aerobic exercise training (ET) and Hypertension (HY) induce different cardiac hypertrophy (CH) phenotypes which molecular differences and may lead to new targets for therapies in cardiovascular disease, as microRNAs (miRNAs). We selected 15 miRNAS that were changed by ET from miRNAarray data and compared them with other from HY miRNAarray data. Four miRNAs were selected for qRT-PCR confirmation: miRNA-27a, 27b, 126 e 29c. Among then, miRNA 29c was choosen to be modulated by lentiviral vector due its role in fibrosis regulation. Intramuscular cardiac injection of the lentiviral vector particles was performed following two doses; low-dose , 0,6x109 vp/rat and high 3x109 vp/rat; and for two different times (7 and 14 days). The transduction efficiency was assessed by GFP expression by western blot. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by caudal pletysmography, CH was analysed by ratio LVw/BW (left ventricle weight/body weight), heartw/BW (heart weight/body weight) and by cardiomyocyte diameter (dCMO). qRT-PCR was used to assess miRNA-29c expression and its targets COLIAI and COLIIIAI gene expression. The LV collagen content was assessed by histology (Picrossirius red), by collagen volume fraction, and by Hydroxiproline concentration. Both groups that received the lowe doses were GFP positive in the heart and liver tissue,We assumed that low doses were better for future in vivo transduction. BP did not increase to SHR14A and SHR14B, what did not occurred to the 7 days groups. The miRNA-29c expression increased in all treated groups versus their control (CSI). COLIAI expression decreased in treated groups, while COLIIIAI did not change. Collagen volume fraction decreased in all treated groups, which shows that the treatment was efficient to decrease the cardiac collagen. Heart/BW decreased 7-11% in SHR14B and SHR14A and there were an increase in dCMO in all treated groups, that shows that cardiac remodeling of treated SHR included an increase in size...


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Cardiomegaly , Collagen , Exercise , Gene Expression , Genetic Therapy , Hypertension , MicroRNAs , Rats
2.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 24(3): 153-162, maio-jun. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-599019

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: O treinamento físico aeróbio (TF) acarreta adaptações cardiovasculares, dentre as quais se destaca a hipertrofia cardíaca (HC). Marcadores moleculares sãoapontados na distinção da HC fisiológica da patológica. Objetivo: Investigar a magnitude de HC induzida pordiferentes volumes de TF, verificando se estas respostas adaptativas estão associadas a marcadores molecularesde HC patológica. Métodos: Vinte e uma ratas Wistar foram separadas emtrês grupos: sedentárias-controle (SC), treinadas protocolo 1 (P1), treinadas protocolo 2 (P2). P1:treinamento de natação durante 60min, 1x/dia, 5dias/semana/10 semanas, com 5% de sobrecarga. P2: o mesmo de P1 até a 8ª semana; na 9ª semana os animais treinaram 2x/dia, e na 10ª semana 3x/dia. Resultados: O TF promoveu bradicardia de repouso, HC, aumento da tolerância ao esforço e consumo de oxigênio de pico no grupo P1, sendo estas adaptações exacerbadaspara P2. A expressão gênica de α-miosina de cadeia pesada (MHC), β-MHC, α/β-MHC, fator natriuréticoatrial (ANF) e α-actina esquelética não mudou no P1. Em P2 houve melhora neste perfil genético com aumento naexpressão gênica da α-MHC, redução de β-MHC, aumento da α/β- MHC e redução da α-actina esquelética. O aumento de atividade da proteína quinase-B (Akt)ocorreu de forma dependente ao volume de TF. Conclusões: A magnitude da HC foi dependente do aumento do volume de TF e os mecanismos molecularespor ele ativados são diferentes dos encontrados na HC patológica, conferindo-lhes o caráter de HC fisiológica.


Background: Aerobic exercise training (ET) induces cardiovascular adaptations, including cardiac hypertrophy (CH). Molecular markers differentiatebetween physiological and pathological CH. Objective: To investigate the amount of CH induced by different amounts of ET, ascertaining whether these adaptive responses are associated with pathological CH molecular markers.Methods: Twenty-one female Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: sedentary control (SC), trained protocol 1 (T1) and trained protocol 2 (T2). T1: swimming for60 min, 1xdayx10 weeks, with 5% workload. T2 was the same as T1 until the 8th week, with training 2xday in the 9th week and 3xday in the 10th week.Results: ET promoted resting bradycardia, CH, increased effort tolerance and peak oxygen uptake inthe T1 group, with these responses increased in the P2 group. In T1 the cardiac gene levels of α- myosin heavy chain (MHC), β- MHC, α/β- MHC, atrialnatriuretic factor (ANF) and skeletal α-actin did not change, with an improvement in this genetic profile noted in T2 with increased α- MHC, lower β-MHC, higher α/β- MHC and lower skeletal α-actin. Protein kinase B (Akt) activity increased in parallel to theamount of ET. Conclusions: The magnitude of the CH was dependent on the increase in the amount of ET and the molecular markers that it activates differ from those found in pathological CH, thus indicating physiological CH.


Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Exercise , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications , Biomarkers/analysis , Protein Kinases
3.
Clinics ; 66(12): 2105-2111, 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-609009

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Aerobic exercise training prevents cardiovascular risks. Regular exercise promotes functional and structural adaptations that are associated with several cardiovascular benefits. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of swimming training on coronary blood flow, adenosine production and cardiac capillaries in normotensive rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control (C) and trained (T). An exercise protocol was performed for 10 weeks and 60 min/day with a tail overload of 5 percent bodyweight. Coronary blood flow was quantified with a color microsphere technique, and cardiac capillaries were quantified using light microscopy. Adenine nucleotide hydrolysis was evaluated by enzymatic activity, and protein expression was evaluated by western blot. The results are presented as the means ± SEMs (p<0.05). RESULTS: Exercise training increased the coronary blood flow and the myocardial capillary-to-fiber ratio. Moreover, the circulating and cardiac extracellular adenine nucleotide hydrolysis was higher in the trained rats than in the sedentary rats due to the increased activity and protein expression of enzymes, such as E-NTPDase and 59- nucleotidase. CONCLUSIONS: Swimming training increases coronary blood flow, number of cardiac capillaries, and adenine nucleotide hydrolysis. Increased adenosine production may be an important contributor to the enhanced coronary blood flow and angiogenesis that were observed in the exercise-trained rats; collectively, these results suggest improved myocardial perfusion.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Adaptation, Physiological/physiology , Adenosine/biosynthesis , Blood Pressure/physiology , Capillaries/physiology , Coronary Circulation/physiology , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Capillaries/enzymology , Extracellular Space/enzymology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Swimming/physiology
4.
Rev. bras. educ. fís. esp ; 23(3): 195-209, jul.-set. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-605966

ABSTRACT

Os esteróides anabolizantes androgênicos (EAA) são sintéticos de testosterona desenvolvidos para fins terapêuticos. São também utilizados por populações fisicamente ativas, que normalmente excedem nas doses, o que potencializa danos à saúde. Para estudar alguns dos efeitos de EAA sobre o sistema cardiovascular, ratos "Wistar" foram divididos em quatro grupos: sedentário controle (SC), sedentário anabolizado (SA), treinado controle (TC) e treinado anabolizado (TA). Foram avaliados os efeitos da associação do uso de EAA (Decanoato de nandrolona - 5 mg/kg sc, 2x/sem) e do treinamento físico de natação (TFN - 60 min/dia, 5x/sem, durante 10 sem) sobre o débito cardíaco (DC) e fluxo sanguíneo basal (DCbasal, Qbasal) e após infusão do vasodilatador acetilcolina (DC Ach, Q Ach) para observar a vasodilatação endotélio dependente (QAch), razão capilar/fibra (rc/f) e expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) em músculo sóleo (predominância de fibras oxidativas). A testosterona plasmática aumentou nos grupos com uso de EAA e foi observada bradicardia de repouso como efeito do TFN. O DC foi menor para o Grupo TA, tanto na condição basal quanto sob infusão de Ach. O Qbasal não foi diferente entre os grupos no músculo estudado. O QAch foi maior no grupo TC, entretanto, no grupo TA este efeito benéfico do TFN foi prejudicado pela associação com o EAA. Aumento da rc/f e VEGF foi observado somente no grupo TC. Estes resultados sugerem que a associação do EAA ao TFN atenua a angiogênese e arteriogênese observadas como efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio e causa prejuízo ao fluxo sanguíneo muscular, o que poderia predispor o praticante de esportes e atividades físicas e usuário destas substâncias a problemas vasculares.


Androgenic anabolic steroids (EAA) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone, used in therapeutic dosages in medical practice and in high doses by physically active people that could be health damaging. To study the effects of EAA on the cardiovascular system, Wistar rats were randomized into Sedentary Control (SC), Sedentary Steroid (SA), Trained Control (TC) and Trained Steroid (TA) groups. We evaluated the effects of swimming training (60min/day, 5x/week during 10 week) and AAS (nandrolone decanoate - 5 mg/kg sc, 2x/week) on cardiac output, basal blood flow (Qb, DC basal) and after injection of a vasodilator to observe the endothelium dependent vasodilatation (acetylcholine - Q Ach)(Q Ach, DC Ach), capillary to fiber ratio (r c/f) and vascular-endothelial growth factor expression (VEGF) in soleus muscle (oxidative fibers). Serum testosterone increased in SA and TA. Exercise training significantly decreased resting heart rate. Qb was not different among groups, and QAch was higher in TC group, however in TA group this beneficial effect of swimming exercise training was lost by association with EAA. Rc/f and VEGF were higher only in TC group. These results suggest that swimming training associated with EAA inhibit angiogenesis and arteriogenesis observed as effects of aerobic training, and impairs the red skeletal muscle blood flow which predispose physically active AAS users to vascular diseases.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Anabolic Agents , Capillaries , Cardiac Output , Muscle, Skeletal , Swimming
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